Niu Xi

Pinyin Name: Niu Xi, Niuxi, Chuan Niu Xi English Name: Cyathulae Root / SiChuan Ox Knee Root Scientific name: Radix Cyathulae Part Used: Root Energy: Sweet, bitter Taste: Neutral Channel Entered: Liver, Kidney

Functions: Expel wind Drain dampness Invigorate blood Induce downward movement of blood Tonify kidneys and liver

Indication: Lower back and knee pain due to wind-damp, wind-damp Bi pain in TCM, muscle spasm and atrophy, lower back soreness and stiffness, stiffness and pain of knees, lack of joints range of motion, numbness of muscles, spasm and atrophy of calves, urinary disturbances, painful, burning discomfort urination, blood in urine, amenorrhea from uterus qi stagnation, abdominal mass. Package: Granules=100g per bottle

Safety and Quality Control Testing

Our Quality Assurance teams routinely execute the following QC tests to ensure safety and high quality products: Macroscopic (visual) inspection: authenticate the herb species and parts used. Microscopic examination: authenticate the herb species by histological examination and comparison with certified reference standard specimen. TLC (thin layer chromatography): verify the identity of herb species by comparing its unique analytical identification with certified reference standard herb. HPLC/PDA (high performance liquid chromatography coupled photo diode array detector): measure potency and batch consistency by quantifying the content of active ingredients. HPLC/ELSD (high performance liquid chromatography coupled evaporative light scattering detector): determine the quality of rehmannia by analyzing its S to M saccharide ratio. ICP/MS (gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry): measure heavy metal elements to ensure product safety. GC/MS (gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry): screen for pesticide residue to ensure product safety. HPLC/FD (coupled fluorescent detector): check the content of aflatoxin to ensure product safety. LC/MS (coupled mass spectrometry): screen for the existence of aristolochic acid to ensure product safety. Microbiological testing: analyze yeast & mold and pathogenic microorganism to ensure product safety.

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